VARK Learning Styles

VARK Learning Styles
 
Developing learning interventions does have to have more focus on the learner or a group of learners.  Often, learning events can be developed in the preferred style of the tutor or trainer and of course, that perhaps would not suit quite a few of the people involved in the learning event. In this article, VARK is discussed by Alec McPhedran of Skills Channel TV learning and development in how consideration should be given to apply the styles to enrich the learner experience.
 
VARK is a popular model that categorizes learning styles based on the way individuals prefer to learn and process information. Developed by Neil Fleming in the late 1980s, the VARK model suggests that people have distinct preferences for how they acquire and understand new information. The acronym VARK stands for four main learning styles.
 
Visual (V): Visual learners prefer to learn through visual aids such as diagrams, charts, graphs, videos, and other visual representations. They tend to remember information best when they can see it presented in a clear and organized manner
 
Auditory (A): Auditory learners develop best through hearing or sound methods, such as listening to lectures, discussions or podcasts. They often remember information by associating it with sounds, tones, and spoken words
 
Read/Write (R): Read/write learners prefer written information, including textbooks, written instructions, and note-taking. They learn effectively by reading and writing out information, summarizing concepts, and creating lists
 
Kinesthetic (K): Kinesthetic learners, also known as tactile learners, learn best through hands-on experiences, physical activities, and interactive learning. They like to engage in activities that involve movement, touch, and practical application of concepts
 
It's important to note that while the VARK model provides a framework for understanding learning preferences, research on the effectiveness of tailoring instruction to specific learning styles has shown mixed results. Some studies suggest that individuals may benefit from a combination of learning styles rather than being strictly confined to one. Additionally, many educators emphasize the importance of incorporating a variety of teaching methods to accommodate different learning preferences and create a more comprehensive learning experience.
 
Designing Learning with VARK
When designing instruction or learning experiences using the VARK learning styles model, it's important to keep in mind that learners often have a combination of preferences, and using a variety of methods can enhance their overall learning experience. Here's how you can incorporate the VARK model into your learning design:
 
Assessment of learner preferences

• Start by assessing your learners' preferences using a VARK questionnaire or survey. This can give you insights into the dominant learning styles of your audience. Remember that learners might have preferences in more than one category.

 
Visual learners (V)

• Use visual aids such as diagrams, charts, graphs, infographics, and videos to explain concepts
• Incorporate images and visuals in your presentations and materials
• Use colour coding and spatial organization to make information visually appealing and memorable

 
Auditory learners (A)

• Provide recorded lectures, podcasts, or audio explanations of content
• Encourage discussions and group conversations to promote auditory processing
• Use mnemonic devices, rhymes, or rhythm to help learners remember information

 
Read/Write learners (R)

• Provide written materials such as textbooks, articles, handouts, and written instructions
• Encourage note-taking and summarizing of key points in writing
• Incorporate lists, bullet points, and organized text to present information clearly

 
Kinesthetic learners (K)

• Include hands-on activities, experiments, simulations, and interactive exercises
• Encourage role-playing, case studies, and real-world application of concepts
• Incorporate opportunities for learners to move, manipulate objects, and engage in physical tasks

 
Multimodal approach
Recognize that learners may have preferences in multiple categories. Design activities that cater to different learning styles within a single lesson or unit. Provide options for learners to choose how they engage with content. For example, offer both a visual infographic and a podcast for the same information.
 
Flexible content presentation
Present information in multiple formats. For instance, include both text and images to appeal to both visual and read/write learners. Accompany auditory content with visual aids to reinforce learning for aural and visual learners.
 
Varied assessments
Offer a range of assessment methods, such as quizzes, written assignments, group discussions, and practical projects. Ensure that the assessment methods align with the learning preferences and activities of different learners
 
Feedback and application
Gather feedback from learners about their experiences with different learning methods.  Use the feedback to adapt your delivery or teaching strategies and improve the learning design over time
 
Remember that the goal is to create a balanced and inclusive learning environment that accommodates various learning preferences. While the VARK model can provide valuable insights, it's essential to recognize that learners are diverse and may benefit from a combination of approaches.
 
Alec McPhedran Chtd Fellow CIPD, Chtd Mngr CMI, MAC, MCMI is the managing director of Skills Channel TV, a learning and development company for talented creative people. He specialises in one to one coaching, facilitated learning, media training and team development. For further information, contact 0121 366 87 99 or visit www.skillschannel.tv.

Copyright © Alec McPhedran 2023​